X-38
| NASA X-38
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| Description
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| Role | Crew Return Vehicle
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| Crew | 0
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| First Flight | March 12, 1998
(dropped by B-52)
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| V131 & V132 Aeroshell Manufacturer | Scaled Composites, Inc., Mojave, CA
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| V201 Aeroshell Manufacturer & V131, V132, V131R & V201 Systems Integration | NASA, JSC, Houston, TX
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| Dimensions
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| Length | 28 ft 6 in | 8.7 m
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| Wingspan | 14 ft 6 in | 4.4 m
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| Height | ft in | m
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| Wing area | ft² | m²
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| Weights
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| Empty | 16,000 lb | 7260 kg
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| Performance
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| Maximum speed | 500 mph | 800 km/h
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| Avionics
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| Avionics |
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The X-38 was a program under leadership of NASA Johnson Space Center to build a series of incremental flight demonstrators for the proposed Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) for the International Space Station. The program also, in an unusual move for a X-plane, involved the European Space Agency and the German Space Agency DLR. It was originally called X-35.
These vehicles were unpiloted lifting bodies. The flight models were:
- X-38 V-131
- X-38 V-132
- X-38 V-131R, which was the V-131 prototype reworked with a modified shell
- X-38 V-201, which was an orbital prototype to be launched by the Space Shuttle
- X-38 V-133 and V-202 were also foreseen at some point in the project but were never built.
The X-38 V-131 and V-132 shared the aerodynamic shape of the X-24A. It was patterned after a lifting-body shape first employed in the Air Force-NASA X-24 lifting-body project in the early to mid-1970s. This shape had to be enlarged for the Crew Return Vehicle needs (crew of seven astronauts) and redesigned, especially in the rear part, which became thicker.
The X-38 V-131R was designed at 80 percent of the size of a CRV, and featured the final redesigned shape. (Two later versions, V-133 and V-201, were planned at 100 percent of the CRV size.)
The X-38 V-201 orbital prototype was 80 percent complete, but never flown.
In tests the V-131, V-132 and V-131R were dropped by a B-52 from altitudes of up to 45,000 ft (13,700 m), gliding at near transonic speeds before deploying a drogue parachute to slow them to 60 mph (95 km/h). The later prototypes had their descent continue under a 7,500 ft² (700 m²) parafoil wing, the largest ever made.
Flight control was mostly autonomous, backed up by a ground-based pilot.
The X-38 project was cancelled on April 29, 2002 due to budget concerns.
However, a lifting body shape is considered for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and could be considered as an heritage from the X-38 project.
See Also
- X-plane
- Kliper proposed Russian lifting body spacecraft (build together with Europe)
External link
Related content
Related development:
Comparable aircraft:
Designation Series:
X-35 -
X-36 -
X-37 -
X-38 -
X-39 -
X-40 -
X-41
See also:
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